Make observations to construct an evidence-based account that young plants and animals are like, but not exactly like, their parents.

Plan and conduct an investigation to determine if plants need sunlight and water to grow.

Develop a simple model that mimics the function of an animal in dispersing seeds or pollinating plants.

Make observations of plants and animals to compare the diversity of life in different habitats.

Use observations to describe patterns of what plants and animals (including humans) need to survive.

Use observations to describe patterns of what plants and animals (including humans) need to survive.

Use observations to describe patterns of what plants and animals (including humans) need to survive.

Use observations to describe patterns of what plants and animals (including humans) need to survive.

Analyze data to determine if a design solution works as intended to change the speed or direction of an object with a push or a pull. 

Plan and conduct an investigation to compare the effects of different strengths or different directions of pushes and pulls on the motion of an object.

Make observations to determine the effect of sunlight on Earth’s surface.

Make observations to determine the effects of sunlight on Earth’s surface.

Use tools and materials to design and build a structure that will reduce the warming effect of sunlight on an area.

Use observations of the sun, moon, and stars to describe patterns that can be predicted. 

Use observations of local weather conditions to describe patterns over time.

Use observations of local weather conditions to describe patterns over time.

Use observations of local weather conditions to describe patterns over time.

Construct an argument supported by evidence for how plants and animals (including humans) can change the environment to meet their needs.

Use a model to represent the relationship between the needs of different plants or animals (including humans) and the places they live.

Ask questions to obtain information about the purpose of weather forecasting to prepare for, and respond to, severe weather.

Categorize ways people harvest, redistribute, and use natural resources.

Plan and carry out an investigation to address an issue in the local environment and community.

Use materials to design a solution to a human problem by mimicking how plants and/or animals use their external parts to help them survive, grow, and meet their needs.

Use materials to design a solution to a human problem by mimicking how plants and/or animals use their external parts to help them survive, grow, and meet their needs.

Use materials to design a solution to a human problem by mimicking how plants and/or animals use their external parts to help them survive, grow, and meet their needs.

Make observations to construct an evidence-based account that young plants and animals are like, but not exactly like, their parents.

Plan and conduct an investigation to determine if plants need sunlight and water to grow.

Use observations to describe patterns of what plants and animals (including humans) need to survive.

Use observations to describe patterns of what plants and animals (including humans) need to survive.

Plan and conduct investigations to provide evidence that vibrating materials can make sound and that sound can make materials vibrate.

Make observations to construct an evidence-based account that objects can be seen only when illuminated.

Make observations to determine the effect of sunlight on Earth’s surface.

Use observations of the sun, moon, and stars to describe patterns that can be predicted.

Use observations of the sun, moon, and stars to describe patterns that can be predicted.

Make observations at different times of year to relate the amount of daylight to the time of year.

Use observations of local weather conditions to describe patterns over time.

Explain ways that places differ in their physical characteristics, their meaning, and their value and/or importance.

Plan and carry out an investigation to address an issue in the local environment and community.

Use materials to design a solution to a human problem by mimicking how plants and/or animals use their external parts to help them survive, grow, and meet their needs.

Use materials to design a solution to a human problem by mimicking how plants and/or animals use their external parts to help them survive, grow, and meet their needs.

Make observations to construct an evidence-based account that young plants and animals are like, but not exactly like, their parents.

Plan and conduct an investigation to determine if plants need sunlight and water to grow.

Develop a simple model that mimics the function of an animal in dispersing seeds or pollinating plants.

Make observations of plants and animals to compare the diversity of life in different habitats.

Use observations to describe patterns of what plants and animals (including humans) need to survive.

Use observations to describe patterns of what plants and animals (including humans) need to survive.

Plan and conduct an investigation to describe and classify different kinds of materials by their observable properties.

Analyze data obtained from testing different materials to determine which materials have the properties that are best suited for an intended purpose.

Analyze data obtained from testing different materials to determine which materials have the properties that are best suited for an intended purpose.

Analyze data obtained from testing different materials to determine which materials have the properties that are best suited for an intended purpose.

Make observations to construct an evidence-based account of how an object made of a small set of pieces can be disassembled and made into a new object.

Construct an argument with evidence that some changes caused by heating or cooling can be reversed and some cannot.

Use observations of the sun, moon, and stars to describe patterns that can be predicted.

 Compare multiple solutions designed to slow or prevent wind or water from changing the shape of the land.

Obtain information to identify where water is found on Earth and that it can be solid or liquid.

Use a model to represent the relationship between the needs of different plants or animals (including humans) and the places they live.

Use a model to represent the relationship between the needs of different plants or animals (including humans) and the places they live.

Explain ways that places differ in their physical characteristics, their meaning, and their value and/or importance.

Explain ways that places differ in their physical characteristics, their meaning, and their value and/or importance.

Plan and carry out an investigation to address an issue in the local environment and community.

Develop models to describe that organisms have unique and diverse life cycles but all have in common birth, growth, reproduction, and death.

Construct an argument that some animals form groups that help members survive.

Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence that plants and animals have traits inherited from parents and that variation of these traits exists in a group of similar organisms.

Analyze and interpret data from fossils to provide evidence of the organisms and the environments in which they lived long ago.

Construct an argument with evidence that in a particular habitat some organisms can survive well, some survive less well, and some cannot survive at all.

Make a claim supported by evidence about the merit of a solution to a problem caused when the environment changes and the types of plants and animals that live there may change.

Construct an argument that plants and animals have internal and external structures that function to support survival, growth, behavior, and reproduction.

Support an argument that plants get the materials they need for growth chiefly from air and water.

Make and communicate observations and/or measurements of an object’s motion to provide evidence that a pattern can be used to predict future motion.

Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence of the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object.

Ask questions to determine cause and effect relationships of electric or magnetic interactions between two objects not in contact with each other. 

Ask questions to determine cause and effect relationships of electric or magnetic interactions between two objects not in contact with each other. 

Use evidence to construct an explanation relating the speed of an object to the energy of that object.

Make and communicate observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Make and communicate observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Develop a model of waves to describe patterns in terms of amplitude and wavelength and that waves can cause objects to move.

Develop a model to describe that matter is made of particles too small to be seen.

Develop a model to describe that matter is made of particles too small to be seen.

Make and communicate observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.

Make and communicate observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.

Interpret and analyze data to make decisions about how to utilize materials based on their properties.

Interpret and analyze data to make decisions about how to utilize materials based on their properties.

Interpret and analyze data to make decisions about how to utilize materials based on their properties.

Interpret and analyze data to make decisions about how to utilize materials based on their properties.

Support an argument that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed down.

Use models to describe that energy in animals’ food (used for body repair, growth, motion, and to maintain body warmth) was once energy from the sun.

Obtain and combine information to describe climates in different regions around the world.

Make a claim supported by evidence about the merit of a design solution that reduces the impacts of a weather-related hazard.

Make observations and/or measurements to provide evidence of the effects of weathering or the rate of erosion by water, ice, wind, or vegetation.

Support an argument that differences in the apparent brightness of the sun compared to other stars is due to their relative distances from Earth.

Develop a model using an example to describe ways the geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and/or atmosphere interact.

Generate and design possible solutions to a current environmental issue, threat, or concern.

Analyze how living organisms, including humans, affect the environment in which they live, and how their environment affects them.

Make a claim about the merit of a solution to a problem caused when the environment changes and the types of plants and animals that live there may change.

Construct an argument to support whether action is needed on a selected environmental issue and propose possible solutions.

Use appropriate symbols, numbers, and words to communicate key ideas about technological products and systems.

Use appropriate symbols, numbers, and words to communicate key ideas about technological products and systems. 

Use appropriate symbols, numbers, and words to communicate key ideas about technological products and systems. 

Examine information to assess the trade-offs to using a product or system. 

Examine information to assess the trade-offs to using a product or system. 

Illustrate how, when parts of a system are missing, it may not work as planned.

Illustrate how, when parts of a system are missing, it may not work as planned.

Illustrate how, when parts of a system are missing, it may not work as planned.

Follow directions to complete a technological task.

Follow directions to complete a technological task.

Describe how a subsystem is a system that operates as a part of another larger system.

Predict how certain aspects of their daily lives would be different without given technologies. 

Predict how certain aspects of their daily lives would be different without given technologies. 

Demonstrate how simple technologies are often combined to form more complex systems.

Demonstrate how simple technologies are often combined to form more complex systems.

Demonstrate how simple technologies are often combined to form more complex systems.

Explain why responsible use of technology requires sustainable management of resources.

Explain why responsible use of technology requires sustainable management of resources.

Explain how solutions to problems are shaped by economic, political, and cultural forces. 

Explain how solutions to problems are shaped by economic, political, and cultural forces. 

Explain how solutions to problems are shaped by economic, political, and cultural forces. 

Compare how things found in nature differ from things that are human-made, noting differences and similarities in how they are produced and used.

Compare how things found in nature differ from things that are human-made, noting differences and similarities in how they are produced and used.

Compare how things found in nature differ from things that are human-made, noting differences and similarities in how they are produced and used.

Describe the unique relationship between science and technology, and how the natural world can contribute to the human-made world to foster innovation. 

Describe the unique relationship between science and technology, and how the natural world can contribute to the human-made world to foster innovation. 

Describe the unique relationship between science and technology, and how the natural world can contribute to the human-made world to foster innovation. 

Determine factors that influence changes in a society’s technological systems or infrastructure. 

Determine factors that influence changes in a society’s technological systems or infrastructure. 

Determine factors that influence changes in a society’s technological systems or infrastructure. 

Differentiate between the role of scientists, engineers, technologists, and others in creating and maintaining technological systems.

Differentiate between the role of scientists, engineers, technologists, and others in creating and maintaining technological systems.

Differentiate between the role of scientists, engineers, technologists, and others in creating and maintaining technological systems.

Design solutions by safely using tools, materials, and skills. 

Design solutions by safely using tools, materials, and skills. 

Explain how technologies are developed or adapted when individual or societal needs and wants change. 

Explain how technologies are developed or adapted when individual or societal needs and wants change. 

Explain how technologies are developed or adapted when individual or societal needs and wants change. 

Judge technologies to determine the best one to use to complete a given task or meet a need. 

Judge technologies to determine the best one to use to complete a given task or meet a need. 

Demonstrate how tools and machines extend human capabilities, such as holding, lifting, carrying, fastening, separating, and computing.

Demonstrate how tools and machines extend human capabilities, such as holding, lifting, carrying, fastening, separating, and computing. 

Demonstrate how tools and machines extend human capabilities, such as holding, lifting, carrying, fastening, separating, and computing. 

Demonstrate essential skills of the engineering design process. 

Demonstrate essential skills of the engineering design process. 

Identify why a product or system is not working properly. 

Identify why a product or system is not working properly. 

Identify why a product or system is not working properly. 

Describe requirements of designing or making a product or system. 

Describe requirements of designing or making a product or system. 

Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of existing design solutions, including their own solutions. 

Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of existing design solutions, including their own solutions. 

Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of existing design solutions, including their own solutions. 

Practice successful design skills. 

Practice successful design skills. 

Apply tools, techniques, and materials in a safe manner as part of the design process. 

Apply tools, techniques, and materials in a safe manner as part of the design process. 

Apply tools, techniques, and materials in a safe manner as part of the design process. 

Illustrate that there are multiple approaches to design. 

Illustrate that there are multiple approaches to design. 

Apply universal principles and elements of design.

Apply universal principles and elements of design.

Apply universal principles and elements of design.

Evaluate designs based on criteria, constraints, and standards.

Evaluate designs based on criteria, constraints, and standards.

Interpret how good design improves the human condition.

Interpret how good design improves the human condition.

Interpret how good design improves the human condition.

Describe the properties of different materials. 

Describe the properties of different materials. 

Explain how various relationships can exist between technology and engineering and other content areas. 

Explain how various relationships can exist between technology and engineering and other content areas. 

Explain how various relationships can exist between technology and engineering and other content areas. 

Identify the resources needed to get a technical job done, such as people, materials, capital, tools, machines, knowledge, energy, and time. 

Identify the resources needed to get a technical job done, such as people, materials, capital, tools, machines, knowledge, energy, and time. 

Create a new product that improves someone's life. 

Create a new product that improves someone's life. 

Create a new product that improves someone's life. 

Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence that plants and animals have traits inherited from parents and that variation of these traits exists in a group of similar organisms.

Use evidence to support the explanation that traits can be influenced by the environment.

Construct an argument with evidence that in a particular habitat some organisms can survive well, some survive less well, and some cannot survive at all.

Make a claim supported by evidence about the merit of a solution to a problem caused when the environment changes and the types of plants and animals that live there may change.

Construct an argument that plants and animals have internal and external structures that function to support survival, growth, behavior, and reproduction.

Use a model to describe that animals receive different types of information through their senses, process the information in their brain, and respond to the information in different ways.

Support an argument that plants get the materials they need for growth chiefly from air and water.

Make and communicate observations and/or measurements of an object’s motion to provide evidence that a pattern can be used to predict future motion.

Ask questions to determine cause and effect relationships of electric or magnetic interactions between two objects not in contact with each other. 

Use evidence to construct an explanation relating the speed of an object to the energy of that object.

Make and communicate observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Make and communicate observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Make and communicate observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Apply scientific ideas to design, test, and refine a device that converts energy from one form to another.

Apply scientific ideas to design, test, and refine a device that converts energy from one form to another.

Develop a model of waves to describe patterns in terms of amplitude and wavelength and that waves can cause objects to move.

Generate and compare multiple solutions that use patterns to transfer information.

Develop a model to describe that matter is made of particles too small to be seen.

Make and communicate observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.

Make and communicate observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.

Make and communicate observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.

Support an argument that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed down.

Support an argument that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed down.

Use models to describe that energy in animals’ food (used for body repair, growth, motion, and to maintain body warmth) was once energy from the sun.

Obtain and combine information to describe climates in different regions of the world.

Make a claim supported by evidence about the merit of a design solution that reduces the impacts of a weather-related hazard.

Identify evidence from patterns in rock formations and fossils in rock layers to support an explanation for changes in a landscape over time.

Analyze and interpret data from maps to describe patterns of Earth’s features.

Obtain and combine information to describe that energy and fuels are derived from natural resources and their uses affect the environment.

Obtain and combine information to describe that energy and fuels are derived from natural resources and their uses affect the environment.

Generate and compare multiple solutions to reduce the impacts of natural Earth processes on humans.

Describe and graph the amounts of salt water and fresh water in various reservoirs to provide evidence about the distribution of water on Earth.

Obtain and combine information about ways individual communities use science ideas to protect the Earth’s resources and environment.

Analyze how living organisms, including humans, affect the environment in which they live, and how their environment affects them.

Examine ways you influence your local environment and community by collecting and displaying data.

Construct an argument to support whether action is needed on a selected environmental issue and propose possible solutions.

Use appropriate symbols, numbers, and words to communicate key ideas about technological products and systems. 

Use appropriate symbols, numbers, and words to communicate key ideas about technological products and systems. 

Examine information to assess the trade-offs to using a product or system. 

Examine information to assess the trade-offs to using a product or system. 

Illustrate how, when parts of a system are missing, it may not work as planned.

Illustrate how, when parts of a system are missing, it may not work as planned.

Follow directions to complete a technological task.

Follow directions to complete a technological task.

Describe how a subsystem is a system that operates as a part of another larger system.

Describe how a subsystem is a system that operates as a part of another larger system.

Predict how certain aspects of their daily lives would be different without given technologies. 

Predict how certain aspects of their daily lives would be different without given technologies. 

Demonstrate how simple technologies are often combined to form more complex systems.

Demonstrate how simple technologies are often combined to form more complex systems.

Explain why responsible use of technology requires sustainable management of resources.

Explain why responsible use of technology requires sustainable management of resources.

Explain how solutions to problems are shaped by economic, political, and cultural forces. 

Explain how solutions to problems are shaped by economic, political, and cultural forces. 

Classify resources used to create technologies as either renewable or nonrenewable.

Compare how things found in nature differ from things that are human-made, noting differences and similarities in how they are produced and used.

Compare how things found in nature differ from things that are human-made, noting differences and similarities in how they are produced and used.

Describe the helpful and harmful effects of technology.

Describe the unique relationship between science and technology, and how the natural world can contribute to the human-made world to foster innovation. 

Describe the unique relationship between science and technology, and how the natural world can contribute to the human-made world to foster innovation. 

Determine factors that influence changes in a society’s technological systems or infrastructure. 

Determine factors that influence changes in a society’s technological systems or infrastructure. 

Differentiate between the role of scientists, engineers, technologists, and others in creating and maintaining technological systems.

Differentiate between the role of scientists, engineers, technologists, and others in creating and maintaining technological systems.

Differentiate between the role of scientists, engineers, technologists, and others in creating and maintaining technological systems.

Design solutions by safely using tools, materials, and skills. 

Design solutions by safely using tools, materials, and skills. 

Explain how technologies are developed or adapted when individual or societal needs and wants change. 

Explain how technologies are developed or adapted when individual or societal needs and wants change. 

Judge technologies to determine the best one to use to complete a given task or meet a need. 

Judge technologies to determine the best one to use to complete a given task or meet a need. 

Demonstrate how tools and machines extend human capabilities, such as holding, lifting, carrying, fastening, separating, and computing. 

Demonstrate how tools and machines extend human capabilities, such as holding, lifting, carrying, fastening, separating, and computing. 

Demonstrate essential skills of the engineering design process. 

Demonstrate essential skills of the engineering design process. 

Identify why a product or system is not working properly. 

Identify why a product or system is not working properly. 

Describe requirements of designing or making a product or system. 

Describe requirements of designing or making a product or system. 

Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of existing design solutions, including their own solutions. 

Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of existing design solutions, including their own solutions. 

Practice successful design skills. 

Practice successful design skills. 

Apply tools, techniques, and materials in a safe manner as part of the design process.